5 Different Types of Residential Sewer Systems

Residential sewer systems are essential to keeping a home clean, safe, and functional. They move wastewater away from sinks, toilets, and appliances so it can be treated or safely dispersed.

While most homeowners rarely think about their sewer system, understanding the different types is important.

Each system works differently and comes with its own risks, maintenance needs, and common plumbing problems. Knowing what type of system your home uses also helps you better understand how a home water system works from entry to exit.

Traditional Sewer System

A traditional sewer system connects a home directly to a municipal sewer main. Wastewater flows from the house through underground pipes and into a larger public sewer line. From there, it is transported to a wastewater treatment facility.

This type of system is common in many residential areas and relies heavily on gravity to keep waste moving efficiently.

One major advantage of this setup is convenience. Homeowners do not need to treat wastewater on their property, and the system can handle normal daily usage with little effort.

However, the private sewer line that runs from the home to the main sewer is still the homeowner's responsibility. If that line fails, repairs can be disruptive and expensive.

Common problems with traditional residential sewer systems include tree root intrusion, aging pipes, and pipe misalignment. Over time, these issues can lead to frequent clogs or slow drainage. In more serious cases, they may cause sewage backups inside the home, which require immediate professional attention.

Sanitary Sewer System

A sanitary sewer system is designed specifically to carry wastewater from homes and businesses. It transports water from toilets, sinks, showers, and appliances through a network of underground pipes. Unlike storm systems, sanitary sewers are built to handle solid waste and are connected directly to treatment plants.

This system is effective because it keeps harmful waste contained and processed properly. It reduces environmental risks and supports consistent household plumbing use. However, sanitary sewer systems can still experience issues when they are overloaded or improperly used. Flushing non-degradable items or pouring grease down drains can create serious blockages.

Typical plumbing issues associated with sanitary sewer systems include toilet backups, sewer odors, and gurgling drains. These signs often indicate a blockage or airflow problem within the system.

Understanding how a home water system works after water leaves the fixture helps homeowners recognize when something is not functioning correctly.

Storm Sewer System

Storm sewer systems handle rainwater and surface runoff rather than household wastewater. They collect water from streets, gutters, parking lots, and driveways. This water is then directed through underground pipes and released into nearby rivers, lakes, or other natural water sources.

The main benefit of a storm sewer system is flood prevention. By moving large amounts of rainwater away quickly, it helps protect roads and buildings. However, storm sewers are not designed to handle household waste. When debris like leaves or trash enters the system, it can cause blockages and localized flooding.

Although storm sewer systems are separate from residential sewer systems, problems can still affect homeowners. Yard flooding, water pooling near foundations, and overwhelmed drainage areas are common issues during heavy rainfall.

Combined Sewer System

A combined sewer system carries both wastewater and stormwater through the same pipes. These systems were more common in older infrastructure designs. Under normal conditions, waste is sent to a treatment facility. During heavy rain, however, the system can become overwhelmed.

One advantage of a combined system is reduced construction complexity, since fewer pipes are needed. The downside is significant. When the system exceeds capacity, untreated wastewater can overflow into the environment or back up into homes.

Common plumbing problems with combined sewer systems include basement backups and recurring drainage issues. These systems pose health and environmental risks, which is why most modern residential sewer systems no longer use this design.

Septic System

A septic system treats wastewater directly on the property instead of sending it to a public sewer. It is commonly used in rural or undeveloped areas. Wastewater flows from the home into an underground septic tank, where natural processes begin treatment.

One advantage of a septic system is independence from municipal infrastructure. Homeowners may also avoid monthly sewer fees. However, septic systems require regular maintenance and pumping. Failure to maintain the system can lead to contamination and costly repairs.

Common issues include tank overflows, saturated drain fields, and slow drainage throughout the home. Septic problems often develop quietly, making it especially important to understand how a home water system works and recognize early warning signs.

Why Understanding Your Sewer System Matters

Each type of sewer system has different maintenance requirements. Ignoring small issues can lead to major damage. Slow drains, odors, or recurring clogs often point to underlying problems.

When homeowners understand their residential sewer systems, they are better prepared to act quickly. Early intervention reduces repair costs and helps extend the life of the system.

Support for Sewer Maintenance and Repairs

Sewer problems are not always visible, but they can escalate quickly. Professional inspections help identify issues before they become emergencies. Routine maintenance also improves system reliability and performance.

J. Blanton Plumbing offers professional sewer maintenance, inspections, and repairs for residential sewer systems. Our experienced team helps homeowners protect their plumbing and address problems before they cause serious disruption.

About the Author

J. Blanton Plumbing is a leading plumbing service provider in Chicago, specializing in water heater installation, plumbing repairs, drain cleaning, and whole-home plumbing solutions. With over 30 years of industry experience, our licensed technicians create expert resources to help homeowners understand their plumbing options and maintain long-lasting, dependable systems.